How to choose between PLA and ABS?

PLA and ABS are commonly used FDM 3D printing materials. Being thermoplastics both possess the same properties, meaning when heated at a certain temperature they become soft and moldable and return to a solid state once cool down. Through the FDM process, both are melted and ejected from a nozzle to build up the solid layers. This article will identify the main differences and guide you in selecting appropriate material for your work.

1. PLA (Poly Lactic Acid) is a type of thermoplastic made from biological materials such as cornstarch and sugarcane. This material is popular among beginners and professionals. It has properties of tough and adaptable, however not heat tolerant as compared to ABS. PLA deformation starts at 180°C – 230°C. PLA doesn't produce any toxic fumes like ABS, so it's safer and easier to use. PLA material is compatible with all types of 3D printers including a low budget. Instead of a heated bed, it sticks well to a base just with white glue. PLA can easily be used for pattern making, generic prototyping, medical implants, food handling. Although it sounds like a perfect material, there are some drawbacks. PLA melting point is lower than ABS, which makes it weaker. It could break, crack or melt when placed in a high-temperature environment.

2. ABS Filament: ABS is popularly known for it properties of toughness and impact resistance. Its strength and restrained flexibility that makes it best among all other 3D materials. This material is best suitable for manufacturing of automotive parts, electronic housing, LEGO toys and many more. ABS material is easy to eject from the printer's nozzle which makes it easy to work with. Although it's a great choice among users, ABS is still not the best fit for home users as it has a high melting point that needs to be print on a heated surface or bed. This heated printer bed is not available in all budgets of 3D printers. Also, ABS material releases unpleasant chemical fumes in the air, so good ventilation is required or can be printed in enclosed 3D printers. ABS becomes ductile at a temperature range between 210C - 250C.